Civil-Military Relations and Institutional Stability in Pakistan: A Case Study of SDG 16 Implementation

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of civil-military relations on institutional stability and governance in Pakistan, focusing on its alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16)—which emphasizes peace, justice, and strong institutions. Pakistan’s governance landscape has been shaped by recurrent military interventions, direct rule through coups, and indirect influence over policymaking, limiting civilian institutions’ ability to enforce the rule of law and democratic accountability. By analyzing key judicial cases such as the Asghar Khan Case (2013) and the Memogate Scandal (2012), as well as examining political interference in governance structures, this study assesses the military’s role in shaping Pakistan’s institutional framework. Additionally, comparative insights from Colombia and Kenya provide best practices for strengthening civilian oversight, ensuring judicial independence, and fostering democratic consolidation. The research concludes with policy recommendations to reduce military influence in governance and establish institutional safeguards for democratic stability.