The Impact of Leadership Style on Project Performance with the Moderation of Goal Clarity

Abstract

This study examines the impact of transformational and spiritual leadership styles on project performance, with goal clarity as a moderating variable, using the Prime Minister’s Laptop Scheme as a case study, particularly among students at the University of Peshawar. The scheme, designed to enhance educational access and technological proficiency, provides a critical context to assess how leadership influences the execution and perceived success of large-scale public initiatives. Drawing on leadership theory, the research investigates how transformational leadership—characterized by vision, motivation, and innovation—and spiritual leadership—rooted in values, meaning, and ethical conduct—affect the effectiveness of project delivery. Furthermore, the study explores whether clearly communicated and well-understood goals strengthen the relationship between these leadership styles and project outcomes. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed among student beneficiaries. Results indicate that both transformational and spiritual leadership significantly enhance project performance, with goal clarity serving as a positive moderator. These findings highlight the importance of leadership alignment with clear strategic objectives, offering practical implications for policymakers and administrators managing public-sector educational projects.