From Estrangement to Engagement: Pakistan–Russia Cooperation in Regional Connectivity and Economic Integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v4i2.2332Keywords:
Pakistan, Russia, Complex Interdependence, Regional Connectivity, Eurasian Regionalism, Multi-PolarityAbstract
Historically, Pakistan–Russia relations have been shaped by strategic estrangement rooted in Cold War alignments and regional rivalries. In recent years, however, bilateral engagement has increased, particularly in the domains of regional connectivity and economic cooperation. This study examines this shift through a complex interdependence theory, arguing that both states are prioritizing economic pragmatism alongside strategic interests within an evolving multipolar regional order. Drawing on qualitative analysis of policy documents, official statements, and secondary literature, the study examines cooperation in energy infrastructure, trade facilitation, and transport connectivity linking South Asia, Central Asia, and Eurasia. The findings indicate that connectivity initiatives serve as instruments for reducing economic vulnerabilities, diversifying partnerships, and enhancing mutual interdependence, even in the presence of enduring geopolitical constraints. The article concludes that Pakistan–Russia cooperation reflects a gradual transition from historically constrained relations towards a pragmatic engagement driven by geoeconomics considerations rather than ideological alignment, contributing to broader patterns of regional economic integration.
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