Social Media and Public Opinion: How Twitter Affects Youth Perception of Pakistan–India Relations

Abstract

This paper examines the role of Twitter (X) in shaping youth perceptions of Pakistan–India relations. With Pakistan and India among the youngest nations globally, youth-driven digital discourse has become a critical factor influencing bilateral relations. Twitter functions both as a platform for peacebuilding and as a driver of polarization, amplifying nationalist hostility while also enabling cross-border dialogue. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Habermas’ public sphere, agenda-setting, and framing theory, the study situates South Asian youth engagement within global patterns of digital activism. Case studies from 2025–2026 illustrate Twitter’s dual role, highlighting risks of misinformation and opportunities for peace. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for harnessing Twitter’s potential while mitigating its risks.