From Resusci Anne to Virtual Reality: The Adoption and Impact of High-Fidelity Simulation in Nursing Education

Abstract

Background: Nursing education has transitioned from simple manikin simulation (Resusci Anne) to high-fidelity simulation and virtual reality, mixed reality, and augmented reality. These offer safe, realistic and interactive settings for skill development. Aim: This review sought to explore the use and effectiveness of high-fidelity and virtual simulation in nursing education. Method: This retrospective literature review was based on PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was applied to PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and journal databases. Fifteen studies from 2023-2026 were chosen after screening. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the studies and a research matrix was used to present the data. Results: Reviewed studies demonstrated that simulation technologies enhanced knowledge, skills, psychomotor skills, confidence, self-efficacy, clinical judgement, communication, satisfaction and preparedness for practice. But there were issues with cost, availability, faculty training and curriculum integration. Conclusion: High-fidelity simulation and immersive technologies are valuable teaching and learning approaches to prepare nurses. To be effective, they need institutional support, faculty training and curriculum integration.