Environmental Awareness, Green Organizational Culture, and Sustainable Leadership as Predictors of Employee Sustainable Behavior

Abstract

Environmental sustainability has become a major concern for organizations because of increasing environmental degradation, climate change, pollution, and excessive utilization of natural resources. Modern organizations are increasingly expected to implement sustainability-oriented policies and environmentally responsible practices to improve organizational environmental performance and long-term ecological sustainability. The present study examined the influence of environmental awareness, green organizational culture, and sustainable leadership on employee sustainable behavior in public and private sector organizations. A quantitative correlational research design was employed to investigate the relationships among the study variables. Data were collected from 420 employees working in various organizational sectors through structured self-administered questionnaires using a convenient sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, mediation analysis, moderation analysis, and structural equation modeling through SPSS and AMOS software. The findings revealed that environmental awareness significantly positively influenced employee sustainable behavior, ecological responsibility, and workplace environmental participation. Similarly, green organizational culture demonstrated a strong positive relationship with employee environmental commitment, workplace sustainability practices, and organizational ecological performance. Sustainable leadership also significantly enhanced employee participation in sustainability initiatives, environmental conservation activities, recycling behavior, and energy-saving practices. The findings further indicated that green organizational culture mediated the relationship between environmental awareness and employee sustainable behavior, while sustainable leadership strengthened employee engagement in organizational sustainability activities. Organizations possessing stronger environmental awareness programs, supportive green workplace cultures, and sustainability-oriented leadership practices demonstrated higher levels of employee sustainable behavior and environmental performance. The study highlights the strategic importance of integrating environmental education, sustainability-oriented organizational culture, and sustainable leadership practices to achieve long-term organizational sustainability and ecological responsibility.