Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Universities’ Performance in the QS Ranking System in Pakistan (2020–2024)

Abstract

The performance of Pakistan's public and private universities in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings and Asia University Rankings from 2020 to 2024 is compared in this study. Using a descriptive and comparative study approach, the analysis focuses on the top 10 institutions of the specified time period, five from each sector, according to their highest yearly QS Asia rankings. A constant and statistically significant performance disparity favoring public institutions is revealed by the data, which are explained by elements like substantial government support, a strong research infrastructure, and a wider range of academic offerings. On the other hand, the sector as a whole is still at a disadvantage in the QS framework because of the small amount of research output and size, even though certain private institutions show competitiveness in particular areas like employer involvement and teaching quality. In order to improve the overall international position of Pakistan's higher education sector, the study concludes that research-intensive public institutions are disproportionately favored by global ranking systems like QS. It also suggests policy interventions targeted at developing research capacity within private universities and encouraging smart public-private collaborations.