Assessing the Impact of Motorway Development on Political Socialization in Pakistan: A Case Study of the M2 (Islamabad–Lahore)

Abstract

Using the M2 Motorway (Islamabad-Lahore) as a case study, this paper examines how motorway expansion affects political socialization in Pakistan. The M2, a key component of the country’s infrastructure, has transformed patterns of mobility, access to information, and civic engagement in addition to increasing economic activity. In communities located along the M2 corridor, this study investigates the effects of increased physical connectivity on civic engagement, political awareness, and participation in the democratic process. Using a mixed-method case study methodology, the research examines changes in political beliefs and behaviors by combining qualitative observations with quantitative survey data. Key findings show that greater exposure to urban areas, media, and educational opportunities via freeways has increased political awareness and local engagement, particularly among marginalized groups and young people. However, disparities still exist in the distribution of these benefits, reflecting larger structural injustices. By highlighting how infrastructure investments act as catalysts for both political and economic change, this study adds to the body of knowledge about political development in the Global South.