An Analysis of the Access and Utilization of Reproductive Health Care Services among Women in District Kohat

Abstract

This study examines the obstacles hindering women in rural Kohat, particularly in Jungle Khel, from obtaining reproductive healthcare. It highlights gaps in knowledge and a strong dependence on informal sources for reproductive health information. Cultural, societal, and logistical barriers contribute to high maternal mortality rates, limited family planning methods, and gender inequalities in healthcare access. Women's choices are restricted by cultural standards, including patriarchal influences and a societal bias towards male offspring, which impede discussions about contraception. The study's main objectives are to identify barriers to accessing reproductive healthcare, understand cultural influences on women's health decisions, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing healthcare facilities and educational resources. Women face considerable difficulties accessing reproductive healthcare due to geographical distance, transportation issues, and financial constraints. Despite NGO efforts to provide contraceptive information and services, there remains a gap between stated goals and actual awareness and utilization among women. Negative side effects from contraceptive use, such as severe hemorrhaging and low red blood cell counts, also cause hesitation in adopting methods like the intrauterine device (IUD). The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative surveys and questionnaires with qualitative in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations. It targets married women aged 18 to 40 and local Reproductive Health Care (RHC) providers to gather comprehensive data on reproductive healthcare in Jungle Khel. Findings reveal a significant lack of awareness about available healthcare services, with many women relying on informal sources for information. Cultural norms, including the preference for male children, heavily influence reproductive choices, limiting contraceptive use. Logistical challenges such as geographical distance, transportation issues, and financial constraints further hinder access to healthcare services. The study recommends improving healthcare infrastructure, initiating community-based programs, and enhancing educational efforts to address these barriers, emphasizing women's empowerment and collaboration between the government and NGOs.