A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Education, Environment, and Social Challenges: A Tutorial Review

Abstract

This tutorial review examines the interrelated challenges of education, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion in Pakistan, drawing on peer-reviewed research findings. It critically analyzes issues such as shortages in early childhood education, constraints in skill-based learning, environmental degradation, waste management, and policy failures in addressing these concerns. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this review advocates for the integration of environmental education into formal curricula, extensive teacher training, and enhanced social inclusion for marginalized communities. Key findings highlight those shortages of qualified teachers and inadequate infrastructure hinder early childhood education, while skill-based education remains underdeveloped, particularly for women. Furthermore, environmental challenges including smog, plastic pollution, and urban waste mismanagement necessitate urgent policy interventions. Education policy frameworks that promote critical thinking and interdisciplinary learning are essential for fostering sustainability and resilience. The review also addresses inclusive education policies for transgender individuals and students with special needs, emphasizing the importance of creating equitable learning environments. This study underscores the urgency of policy reforms, curriculum integration, and stakeholder collaboration to tackle these pressing issues. By adopting sustainable educational strategies, enhancing digital literacy, and strengthening policy institutions, Pakistan can transition towards a more inclusive and environmentally conscious education system. The findings offer actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, and researchers, advocating for a comprehensive top-down approach that integrates education and sustainability.