Educational Environment and Teacher Performance in the Context of Special Education Institutions in Pakistan: A Review Paper

Abstract

This review synthesizes key insights to improve special education practices and foster inclusive education, especially within the context of Pakistan. The review highlights the significance of tailored approaches, cooperative methods, and instructional techniques grounded in evidence, including explicit teaching and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Integrating technology, which involves assistive technologies and educational applications, is considered essential for enhancing learning experiences. Partnerships between home and school, along with early intervention, are crucial elements for providing consistent support. The review emphasizes the importance of teacher professional development that centers on inclusive methods and tailored teaching approaches, as well as a supportive educational setting and assessments tailored to individual needs. To achieve equitable learning opportunities, it is essential to implement substantial policies, allocate necessary resources, and adopt a holistic approach to overcome systemic obstacles.