Role of Elites in Local Politics of Punjab Particularly in Jhang

Abstract

This paper examines how the landed elites switch between different prerogatives in the context of the local government system of Punjab – District Jhang (2000-2016). Therefore, to understand the socio-political positions of these elites, their representation in local governance, interference in democratic proceedings and effects on the benefit/welfare of the public, the study employs qualitative research methodologies. Quantitative data were obtained using structured questionnaires and spin-off interviews, while qualitative data were obtained through observations, review of documents and records analysis. The results were presented regarding emergent themes derived from the study findings. The research shows that the political leadership in African cities has, over the years, been held by landed elites who, most of the time, act in their self and class interest and, therefore, are disinterested in the common good, hence lagging infrastructural development. The broader conclusions of this research suggest that their resource control, patronage networks, and electoral hegemony launched them firmly at the helm of governance processes affecting development, often in ways that marginalized disadvantaged populations or favored specific sectors. Moreover, decentralization reforms were meant to empower local communities directly, but as Gloetto and Harvey argue, landed elites were able to domesticate these reforms to deepen their authority, with limited challenges from civil society organizations. Other recommendations include enhancing the anti-reform crusade that would eliminate high degrees of political power held today by the landed elites, such as transparency within the electoral process and participatory budgeting. The research informs power, governance, and rural development in the South Asian context, which presents significant progression for more effective and savoy modes of governance.