Border Tensions and Strategic Rivalry: The Pakistan–Afghanistan Conflict in Regional and Global Perspective

Abstract

The relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan has been complex and often tense since the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Political disputes, border disagreements, security concerns, and militant activities have shaped the dynamics between the two neighboring states. The most prominent issue is the disagreement over the Durand Line border and the presence of militant groups operating across the border. These tensions have periodically escalated into diplomatic crises, military clashes, and economic disruptions. This research paper examines the historical background of the Pakistan–Afghanistan conflict, the key causes behind the tensions, and the consequences for regional and global politics.