Invisible Burdens Made Visible: Development and Validation of the Perceived Societal Expectation Scale for Housewives (PSESH)

Abstract

The study was conducted to develop and validate and indigenous Perceived Societal Expectation Scale for Housewives. The study was conducted in three phases in first phase 20 housewives with age range 20 to 45 years were interviewed by using semi-structured interview method to explore the phenomenology and initial 47 items were generated and two items removed due to irrelevance. After the expert opinion of 5 experts 15 items removed and 32 items were used in final scale to explore the factor structure. In the second Phase 128 house were investigated with age range 20 to 45(M_age=32.59, SD= 7.82) to explore the factor structure of the scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted and its result indicated 8 factors name Familial Societal Expectation, Domestic Familial Expectation, Behavioral Expectations, Social Compliance, Sacrificial Expectations, Familial Adjustment Expectations, Personal Autonym Expectations and Tolerance Expectation. In third phase the 300 housewives were investigated with age range of 20 to 45 (M_age= 30.95, SD= 1.27) which confirmed the factor structure and indicated that the scale is culturally valid and reliable. The implications and recommendation of the scale are discussed below.