Ayub Khan’s Convention Muslim League: A Strategy For Political Control

Abstract

The Pakistan Muslim League (Convention) (PML-C), established by General Ayub Khan in 1962, played a pivotal role in the political landscape of Pakistan. Formed in the aftermath of Ayub Khan's military coup, the PML-C was an instrument to consolidate his regime and gain political legitimacy. Operating within the framework of Ayub’s Basic Democracy system, it sought to offer a semblance of democratic representation while reinforcing authoritarian control. The party's role was central to the 1965 presidential elections but failed to establish a lasting political base due to lack of grassroots support. This study examines the PML-C’s formation, its dependence on state resources, and its eventual decline as a case study in the limitations of military-backed political entities. It also explores the broader implications of authoritarianism and political engineering in Pakistan, highlighting the challenges faced by such parties in maintaining political stability and legitimacy. Using qualitative methods, including historical analysis and political discourse, this research provides valuable insights into the rise and fall of the PML-C, contributing to a deeper understanding of Pakistan’s political history and the role of military influence in shaping its democratic processes.