Myths and Realities about Swat Conflict: An Oral History

Abstract

This study employs oral history methodology to explore the lived experiences and personal narratives of male residents affected by the Swat conflict (2007–2009) in Pakistan. Through in-depth interviews with 14 male victims from various tehsils of Swat, the research examines how the conflict was framed and perceived by those who suffered it. Using thematic analysis, the study identifies key narrative frames, including systemic deception, dual victimization, state failure, Taliban deceit, and media portrayal. Findings reveal that civilians perceived both the military and the Taliban as collaborators in a pre-planned conflict, leading to severe socio-economic, psychological, and infrastructural devastation. The research also analyzes the role of local, national, and international media, highlighting their biases, censorship, and failure to represent civilian suffering accurately. The study concludes that the Swat conflict was not merely a territorial struggle but a profound assault on the social effects of the region, with media acting as a tool of state propaganda rather than a voice for the victims.