Regional Security and Economic Integration in South Asia: The Role of SAARC in Conflict Resolution

Abstract

South Asia remains one of the most geopolitically complex and economically diverse regions in the world, marked by persistent security threats and economic disparities. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established to foster regional integration, economic cooperation, and conflict resolution among its member states. However, political tensions, territorial disputes, and unresolved historical conflicts have hindered SAARC's effectiveness in achieving its core objectives. This study examines the role of SAARC in addressing regional security challenges and promoting economic integration as a means of conflict resolution. It explores the impact of inter-state rivalries, cross-border terrorism, and military confrontations on regional stability while assessing the organization's efforts in facilitating diplomatic dialogue and economic partnerships. Additionally, the study evaluates the limitations of SAARC in mitigating conflicts, including structural weaknesses, lack of enforcement mechanisms, and political differences among member states. The research highlights how economic interdependence can help build peace through trade agreements, connectivity, and security cooperation initiatives. By looking policy frameworks, and economic policies, this research outlines how to enhance SAARC’s capacity to promote and nurture regional security and economic partnership. This paper examines SAARC’s maintenance of economic and security relationships and South Asia’s geography conflict resolution advocacy. The author considers and evaluates the extent to which political friction may be lessened and synergy be attained through dialogue, cooperation, and mechanisms of institutions. The research findings affirm that the political will and the economic integration advance the institutional changes needed for SAARC to work optimally as conflict resolution body in South Asia.