Association of Risk Factors of Type-II Diabetes Mellitus, A Case Study of Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common disease overall the world, particularly in developing countries. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the significant risk factors of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Method: A random sample of 2700 respondents was selected from Azad state of Jammu and Kashmir, out of these 900 T2DM case subjects and 1800 non-diabetic/control case subjects. To examine the associated risk factors, the most popular statistical technique, Chi-squared test statistics, is used. Risk factors were age at the time of diagnosis, gender, obesity, family history, physical activity and diet. Additionally, odd ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from binary logistic regression to measure the association. Results: The results showed strong association of T2DM with age at the time of diagnosis, female gender (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.66-2.35), positive family history (OR: 1.297, 95% CI: 1.105-1.523), physical inactivity (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.5-2.6) and unbalance diet (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.4-3.6). The prevalence risk of diabetes was highest among those aged 41-50 years (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.7-6.4) and 51-60 years (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.6-6.2). Obesity was found to be a non-significant risk factor of T2DM. Conclusion: Noteworthy association of T2DM with age at the time of diagnosis, gender, family history, physical inactivity and unbalanced diet was observed while obesity was not found associated with T2DM.