The Impact of Social Media Disinformation Regarding Political Upheaval and Its Implication on Mental Health: The Need for Digital Literacy

Abstract

Social media has transformed communication and political engagement, yet it also fosters disinformation that significantly impacts mental health, particularly in politically sensitive environments like Pakistan. This study explores the intersection of social media disinformation during the General Election 2024 in Pakistan, its effects on users' mental health and the mitigating role of digital literacy. Leveraging cognitive load theory, framing theory and the critical media literacy framework, the research identifies how disinformation overwhelms cognitive processes, fosters emotional distress and deepens societal polarization.

Participants reported heightened anxiety, mistrust and emotional exhaustion due to exposure to misleading narratives crafted through emotionally charged and culturally resonant language. The findings highlight the role of digital literacy in empowering individuals to critically evaluate content, reducing stress and promoting resilience. However, gaps in digital literacy skills and the persuasive appeal of disinformation underscore the need for targeted interventions.

The study advocates integrating digital literacy into educational curricula and community programs to equip individuals with critical thinking and fact-checking skills. By addressing the cognitive, emotional and social dimensions of disinformation, this research aims to foster informed engagement and mitigate the mental health impacts of political misinformation.