Mental Wellbeing and Drug Adherence Among Patients With Chronic and Acute Diseases: Moderating Role of Optimism

Abstract

Poor drug adherence is a significant public health concern, resulting in reduced treatment effectiveness, increase health care costs, and decreased quality of life. The study was intended to reveal the relationship between mental wellbeing and drug adherence as well as the moderating effect of optimism on a sample of 300 participants from different health care facilities of district Haripur, Pakistan. The study  was based on cross-sectional survey research design and purposive sampling techniques was used.  The Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (WEMWBS), Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), and Life Orientation test (LOTR-R) were administered to assess mental wellbeing, drug adherence and optimism respectively. The alpha reliabilities were found out to be  .98 , .79  and .46  of all three scales respectively . The reason  of   low reliability of life Orientation test may be response biases of the participants  due to  cultural variations and individual differences  like cognitive abilities, personality traits and emotional state etc. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression moderation analyses, and ANOVA were conducted to analyze data. The study found that there exists a highly significant positive correlation between mental wellbeing and drug adherence as well as mental wellbeing was   a statistically significant predictor of drug adherence,  and the optimism positively  moderated  the relationship between variables. Among demographic variables (age, gender, nature of disease, type of treatment, type of disease) only nature of disease and type of diseases have significant impact on mental wellbeing and drug adherence.