Analysis of War against Terrorism in Malakand Division: A Case Study of Post Conflict Scenario in Lower Dir

Abstract

Terrorism has strong effects on the behavior of people and the main factor to disturb the social, political and economic life of the people. It also disturbs the government and their routine activities in terrorist occupied region. After 9/11 attacks Pakistan joined the block formed in the war against terrorism like the United States and their allies. Pakistan gave much support to them against terrorist and insurgent groups in Afghanistan. Therefore Pakistan faced difficulties and complexities, like death, destruction and other socio-political impacts being a frontline ally in the anti-terrorist campaign. The consequences of such policies also brought terrorism in Pakistan. To counter that terrorism; Pakistan uses hard power and military operations. In FATA and Malakand Division-KP where the literacy is low and people have a strong belief in religion, they have strict culture norms. It was therefore easy for terrorist groups to mold people towards anti-state activities. As per this research the political causes like government carelessness, ideological clash between state and society, lack of public rights, ineffective negotiations with militant groups and legacy of past policies were the reasons for the attraction of terrorism in the region. When terrorists’ activities cross their limit government took strict actions against those terrorist groups and their activities in the form military operation in 2009 which effect every aspects of social life of the people of Malakand Division and specially of Dir Lower. After the operation people faced many problems I.e. in education sector, health sector, economic sector etc which was very important for the people and they affect the people after the operation badly. The objective of the study is to find out the causes of terrorism and its impacts on the people are post conflict situation.