The Political Economy of Climate Adaptation in Pakistan: Challenges, Governance, and Global Justice

Abstract

Climate change has increased the level of inequality across the world and Pakistan is one of those countries which has been hit the most. The floods in 2025 demonstrated how ineffective governance, limited resources and unfair international systems affect proper adaptation. Through the lenses of post-colonial political economy, this paper explores how power politics, climate finance, and socioeconomic inequality can affect the resiliency efforts in Pakistan. It attracts thoughts to the lack of contact between local reality and international climate pledges by speaking about recent policy reports and assessments. The article concludes by calling for open governance, grassroots-led adaptation, and equitable case sensitive climate funding as the basis for climate resilience in an equitable and sustainable way.